Displaying multiband satellite images 6:16. Land use is characterized by the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it. | Detail ↩, ,, 2012: 2010 Census Urban and Rural Classification and Urban Area Criteria. URL
A. Dewitz, C. G. Homer, Y. Limin, C. A. Barnes, N. D. Herold, and J. D. Wickham, Completion of the 2006 national land cover database for the conterminous United States, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, Hammer, R. B., S. I. Stewart, and V. C. Radeloff, Demographic trends, the wildland–urban interface, and wildfire management, Modeling the atmospheric response to irrigation in the Great Plains. The Land Cover Database begins with a satellite image (top). The map legend based on NatureServe’s ecological system classification scheme provides detailed information on the vegetation types at a plant community level.
Fan, A. Robock, M. D. Kustu, and D. Robinson, Evidence of enhanced precipitation due to irrigation over the Great Plains of the United States, DeFries, R. S., G. P. Asner, and R. A. Houghton, Fall, S., N. S. Diffenbaugh, D. Niyogi, R. A. Pielke, Sr, and G. Rochon, Temperature and equivalent temperature over the United States (1979–2005), Foley, J. | Detail ↩, DeAngelis, A., F. Dominguez, Y. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 13582-13587, doi:10.1073/pnas.0700144104. 154 pp., New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York, New York. The downloadable PDF is the official version of the 2014 National Climate Assessment. | Detail ↩, ,, 2012: Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy for San Diego Bay. In an a priori classification system the classes are abstractions of the types actually occurring. Increases in low-density exurban areas will result in a greater area affected by development and are expected to increase commuting times and infrastructure costs. Brown, Robinson, D.T., French, N.H., and Reed, B.C., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 331-358. URL
For example, Congress can declare an area as federally protected wilderness, or local officials can set aside portions of a town for industrial development and create tax benefits for companies to build there.
Some of the projected changes in developed areas will depend on assumptions about changes in household size and how concentrated urban development will be.
The California Geographer, 48, 27-59. | Detail ↩, ,, 1995: Table 1. b Special uses represent rural transportation, rural parks and wildlife, defense and industrial, plus miscellaneous farm and other special uses. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 68, 1091-1099.
Adaptation options (those aimed at coping with the effects of climate change) include varying the local mix of vegetation and concrete to reduce heat in cities or elevating homes to reduce exposure to sea level rise or flooding. Choices about land use and land management affect the amount of greenhouse gases entering and leaving the atmosphere and, therefore, provide opportunities to reduce climate change (Ch. The Problems in Uncovering Land Cover, Land Choices about land-use and land-cover patterns have affected and will continue to affect how vulnerable or resilient human communities and ecosystems are to the effects of climate change. moderate vegetation is light green, sand, rock, snow, and ice are shown as tan and white.
), disagreement or lack of opinions among experts. By contrast, the key messages of this chapter are national in scope and synthesize the findings of other chapters regarding land cover and land use. A major study by the U.S. Geological Survey is estimating carbon stocks in vegetation and soils of the U.S., and this inventory will clarify the potential for capturing greenhouse gasses by land-use change (an early result is reported in Sohl et al. To Definition of land use in this way establishes a direct link between land cover and the actions of people in their environment.
Field inventories, especially of agriculture and forestry, provide very reliable data products that describe land cover as well as land-use change.
28 pp., U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. URL at each point (pixel) on the image. Carbon Management, 2, 41-47, doi:10.4155/cmt.10.43. URL In 1910, only 46% of the U.S. population lived in urban areas, but by 2010 that figure had climbed to more than 81%.4,5 In 2006 (the most recent year for which these data are available), more than 80% of the land cover in the lower 48 states was dominated by shrub/scrub vegetation, grasslands, forests, and agriculture.6,1 Forests and grasslands, which include acreage used for timber production and grazing, account for more than half of all U.S. land use by area (Table 13.1), about 63% of which is in private ownership, though their distribution and ownership patterns vary regionally.2 Agricultural land uses are carried out on 18% of U.S. surface area. Land-use and land-cover changes are affecting global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. | Detail ↩, Hollman, F. W., T. J. Mulder, and J. E. Kallan, 2000: Methodology and Assumptions for Population Projections of the United States: 1999 to 2100. Global Change Research Program URL International Journal of Climatology, 23, 1-26, doi:10.1002/joc.859. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101, 752-763, doi:10.1080/00045608.2011.567936. Observed weather and climate impacts and consequences for land cover and land use, basic understanding of processes and analyses using models of those processes, as well as substantial literature are consistent in supporting this key message. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 93, 473-474, doi:10.1029/2012EO470001. The following examples are a further illustration of the above definitions: Classification is an abstract representation of the situation in the field using well-defined diagnostic criteria: the classifiers (Figures 1 and 2). The unique way in Land cover data documents how much of a region is covered by forests, wetlands, impervious surfaces, agriculture, and other land and water types. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 20887-20892, doi:10.1073/pnas.1002096107. Choose one of the data access tools listed and search for the dataset name (MCD12Q1), MODIS Land Team Land Cover
A decision to include culverts underneath a coastal roadway may facilitate migration of a salt marsh inland as sea level rises. Often the same land-use decision can serve both aims. | Detail ↩, Nickerson, C., R. Ebel, A. Borchers, and F. Carriazo, 2011: Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2007. Nonetheless, land-change decisions may affect the vulnerabilities of individuals, households, communities, businesses, non-profit organizations, and ecosystems to the effects of climate change.21,22 A farmer’s choice of crop rotation in response to price signals affects his or her farm income’s susceptibility to drought, for example. back: Differentiating Between Land Cover Types, Land Cover Classification URL Many cities have adopted land-use plans with explicit carbon goals, typically targeted at reducing carbon emissions from the often intertwined activities of transportation and energy use.
New Land Cover Classification Maps
This type of classification better fits the collected field observations in a specific area.