W. H. Cross, "Biology, Control and Eradication of the Boll Weevil,". Additional hurdles to the boll weevil's eradication included the boll weevil's reproductive resilience. Today, the b… View NGE content as it applies to the Georgia Standards of Excellence. How Did I Get Boll Weevils?
Today the eradication of the boll weevil is considered one of the world's best examples of "integrated pest management," which is the reduction of agricultural pests through means that are minimally damaging to the environment. 111 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 114 /H [ 1685 708 ] /L 251585 /E 43504 /N 13 /T 249246 >> endobj xref 111 51 0000000016 00000 n 0000001371 00000 n 0000001534 00000 n 0000002393 00000 n 0000002611 00000 n 0000002694 00000 n 0000002783 00000 n 0000002894 00000 n 0000002995 00000 n 0000003061 00000 n 0000003200 00000 n 0000003266 00000 n 0000003386 00000 n 0000003452 00000 n 0000003560 00000 n 0000003626 00000 n 0000003732 00000 n 0000003797 00000 n 0000003901 00000 n 0000003966 00000 n 0000004031 00000 n 0000004098 00000 n 0000004331 00000 n 0000004512 00000 n 0000004534 00000 n 0000005158 00000 n 0000005180 00000 n 0000005737 00000 n 0000005759 00000 n 0000006299 00000 n 0000006321 00000 n 0000006876 00000 n 0000006898 00000 n 0000007451 00000 n 0000007473 00000 n 0000008040 00000 n 0000008246 00000 n 0000008782 00000 n 0000009008 00000 n 0000009526 00000 n 0000010308 00000 n 0000010515 00000 n 0000010537 00000 n 0000011104 00000 n 0000011126 00000 n 0000011898 00000 n 0000011977 00000 n 0000017526 00000 n 0000030277 00000 n 0000001685 00000 n 0000002371 00000 n trailer << /Size 162 /Info 107 0 R /Root 112 0 R /Prev 249235 /ID[<437e5f0e8d43d6e299984f8156a4c79c><1075af496efc922e5acd1f42facaab22>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 112 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 109 0 R /Metadata 106 0 R /AcroForm 113 0 R /Outlines 115 0 R /PageMode /UseOutlines /PageLayout /SinglePage >> endobj 113 0 obj << /Fields [ ] /DR << /Font << /ZaDb 103 0 R /Helv 104 0 R >> /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 105 0 R >> >> /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 160 0 obj << /S 404 /O 583 /V 599 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 161 0 R >> stream Georgia farmers planted around 131,000 acres of cotton in 1982 and nearly 1.3 million acres in 2012. The term "pesticide treadmill" was coined in the early 1970s to describe this cycle as it relates to the boll weevil: pesticides were developed and overapplied, the population of natural predators that were not targeted by the pesticide increased, and then new pesticides were developed and overapplied.
Modern Georgia cotton producers continue to take an integrated approach to insect management, using such natural controls as predatory bugs to suppress pest populations. Jimmy Carter, the only Georgian elected president of the United States, held the office for one term, 1977-81. The BWEP is an ongoing program, as boll-weevil reinfestation continues to be a threat to the cotton industry. A weevil is a beetle that can be found in a wide range of colors and sizes. 12 October 2016. Boll weevils have been eradicated in most of the country, but they still plague parts of Texas. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Georgia was the world's leading producer of naval stores, which are material.
%PDF-1.4 %���� Boll Weevils Facts, Identification, & Control Appearance What Do They Look Like?
The effectiveness of this genetically modified cotton led to the drastic reduction in the amount of pesticides that are used on cotton plants. What adult boll weevils lack in size they make up for with their larvae’s ability to feed on and destroy cotton. Mainly they have an oval body shape, or they are slender looking.
01 October 2020. The primary damage to cotton occurs when female boll weevils deposit eggs in fruiting structures (e.g., flower buds, squares, seed pods, or bolls) on developing cotton plants. 844-514-3980. However, they can attach to clothes or equipment and end up in the house. It probably adapted to domesticated cottons in Central America in pre-Columbian times. They are present in the United States, as well as in other regions with high cotton crop concentrations, such as South America.
Upon hatching, the boll weevil larvae or grubs feed in the square, causing it to be shed by the plant or rendering the bolls unsuitable for harvest. Its color is usually reddish or grayish brown but may vary according to age and size.
The boll weevil is best known for causing severe damage to cotton production. H�b```f``�������� �� ��,k�E�Y8f�b`�4���|�dcbt�"�u9�����b�3�}�*0�n�L!�sV�M�i����{���b�J��WV�4�����.��ҏW�=Y5-��o���ke�S�_��[N5G�t��Y��V/u�����3@�.�ZΉ W�k~rS����IqK=[�r�w����~A~㔓�����LT�=����=�X��Y����e�*����r�{��w��%�;OY�dC&�яww��-�|��::�ߏ�oN������#�_�=zt�ћ'�.
Since elimination of the boll weevil as an economic pest, insecticide use in cotton has been reduced by approximately 75 percent, and yield losses associated with insects have been reduced by 50 percent. A Better Business Bureau Accredited Business. Controlling boll weevil populations in American cotton-producing states has been a major concern for many years.
This cycle both harmed the environment and did little to reduce crop loss. Fields that used broad-spectrum insecticides often had a loss in yield similar to that in fields that did not use broad-spectrum insecticides.
In addition to the use of such cultural practices as stalk destruction after harvest, which eliminated plant hosts for reproduction, infested fields were treated with the insecticide malathion.
During World War II (1941-45) the Bell Aircraft Corporation (known as Bel. By clicking the “Get Started” button, I authorize Orkin to contact me about their services at this number using an auto dialer.
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The boll weevil is not native to the United States.
It was first detected in Missouri about 1913. Enter a zip code below to view local branches. Your local Orkin technician is trained to help manage boll weevils and similar pests.
The adult boll weevil measures from three to eight millimeters from the tip of the snout to the abdomen, which is half the length of its body. The name of this insect was derived from its habit of laying eggs in the cotton plant’s boll. Since they can't find food inside, these insects do not typically invade homes.
New Georgia Encyclopedia. A newly hatched larva is inconspicuous, and the mature larva is white, legless, and about thirteen millimeters long.
Despite a short lifespan, their damage can be massive as one female is capable of laying up to 200 eggs.
Insecticides remain a critical component of insect-management programs but are used only on an as-needed basis on in-field pest populations.
Hunter and Pierce in 1912 recorded mini- mum and maximum lengths from their extensive studies to be 2.5 mm and 6.75 mm (Burke 1968). Damage from the feeding adults appears on the flowers and other areas of the plant. Distribution of boll weevils in southern Missouri.