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The young grow rapidly until maturity, after which growth continues slowly for several years.

Index of predation on juvenile by northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River Basin from 1994-96. Evaluation of fall Chinook and chum salmon spawning below Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day, and McNary Dams. Farr, R. A., and Kern, J. C.  2004. Annual Report to Bonneville Power Administration.

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Van der Naald, W., R. Clark, and B. Spellman. Romano, M. D., and T. A. Rien. Abundance and distribution of fish species in West Linn streams, Final Report to City of West Linn, West Linn, Oregon. 1999-2000 Annual Report, BPA Report DOE/BP-15007-2, Bonneville Power Adminstration, Portland, Oregon. Abundance and distribution of fish in City of Portland streams, Volume 1. Takata, H. K., and D. L. Ward.

2000-2001 Annual Report, BPA Report DOE/BP-00004028-1, Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon. 1994. Hatched in the freshwater of rivers, Atlantic sturgeon head out to sea as juveniles, and return to their birthplace to spawn, or lay eggs, when they reach adulthood. Farr, R. A., M. L. Hughes, and T. A. Rien. Ward. Evaluate the success of developing and implementing a management plan for enhancing production of white sturgeon in reservoirs between Bonneville and McNary dams. Van der Naald, W., R. Clark and B. Spellman. Graham, J. C., and D. L. Ward. Mallette, C.  2011a. 2003. The green sturgeon is a primitive, bottom dwelling fish characterized by its large size and long round body. Green sturgeon population characteristics in Oregon. White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam. Ward, D.L. Development of a system-wide predator control program: indexing and fisheries evaluation. Contract DE-B1719-94BI24514, Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon.

Spawning habitat and adult spawning characteristics (e.g., periodicity) were documented for the Northern Distinct Popu- lation Segment (NDPS) of Green Sturgeon on the Rogue River (Erickson et al. 2005. A., L. C. Burner, and R. A. Farr. Friesen, T.A., H.K. 1994. Evaluation of fall Chinook and chum salmon spawning below Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day, and McNary Dams. In R. Porter, editor. 1990. Leader, K. A. Development of a system-wide predator control program: stepwise implementation of a predation index, predator control fisheries, and evaluation plan in the Columbia River Basin. Comparison of efficiency and selectivity of three gears used to sample white sturgeon in a Columbia River reservoir. 2001. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the Friesen, T. A., editor. 2002. Sport Fish Restoration Project F-178-R. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, Oregon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124:335-346. 1999. Ward. Biology, behavior, and resources of resident and anadromous fish in the lower Willamette River. Fishes of the lower Willamette River, near Portland, Oregon. Takata, H. K., and J.

Mallette, C.  2012b. 2001. Zimmerman, M. P., T. A. Friesen, D. L.Ward, and H. K. Takata. Sport Fish Restoration Project F-178-R. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, Oregon. Erickson, D. E., J.A. Final Report by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to the City of Portland Endangered Species Act Program, Portland, Oregon. 1996. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:784-801. 2004 Annual Report. Evaluation of fall Chinook and chum salmon spawning below Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day and McNary Dams. North. 2000. Annual Report to Bonneville Power Administration. Takata, H. T., M. J. Reesman, G. E. Reed, L. D. Layng, and T. A. Jones. Proceedings of the 4th International Sturgeon Symposium in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, July 8-13, 2001. Report of progress for 1 July 2010 through 31 December 2010 by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife submitted to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Management of northern pikeminnow and implications for juvenile salmonid survival in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers.

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2002), and it was determined that adults hold in deep pools or “holes” in the main stem of large turbulent rivers. Friesen, J.C. Harrington, H.E. Studies of eulachon smelt in Oregon and Washington. White sturgeon transplants within the Columbia River.

Development of a systemwide predator control program: stepwise implementation of a predation index, predator control fisheries, and evaluation plan in the Columbia River Basin. Parker, R. M., M. P. Zimmerman, and D. L. Ward. Takata, H. K., and T. A. Friesen. Mallette, C.  2016. Jones, T. A., J. NOAA 2012 protected species studies of green sturgeon along the west coast of the U.S. to guide the design and to implement a monitoring program to track coast-wide status and trends for future population viability assessments. Development of a systemwide predator control program: stepwise implementation of a predation index, predator control fisheries, and evaluation plan in the Columbia River Basin. 2003. Zimmerman, M. P., T. A. Friesen, D. L.Ward, and H. K. Takata. Tinus, E. S., J. Development of a system-wide predator control program: fisheries evaluation.

Annual Report to Bonneville Power Administration. Burner, B.S. Evaluation of fall Chinook and chum salmon spawning below Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day, and McNary Dams. An official website of the United States government. Distribution of fish and crayfish, and measurement of available habitat in the Tualatin River Basin. 2003.

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Predation on Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia River. Annual Progress Report. 2005. Green sturgeon population characteristics in Oregon. Sturgeons may attain great size, with specimens of 2–3 metres (7–10 feet) a common occurrence in some species. Zimmerman, M. P., and D. L. Ward. Habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon. Final report to the City of Portland, Portland, Oregon.

A. Koloszar, M. J. Reesman, T. A. Friesen, and H. K Takata. Ward, D. L., J. H. Petersen, and J. Loch.

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